암을 표기하는 방법-TNM Staging System

TNM staging system

▪ Cancer의 type을 나타내는데 사용한다.

-암이 발생한 인체부위.

-cell type (such as, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma)

-tumor size

-lymph node에 가까이 퍼져 있는지.

-인체 다른 곳으로 퍼져 있는지.

-Tumor grade, 얼마나 암세포가 비정상으로 보이는지, 얼마나 성장하고 퍼졌는지.

등의 내용을 포함한다.

▪ brain, spinal cord, blood cancer에서는 다른 표기 법을 사용하지만 TNM staging system은 가장 널리 사용되는 시스템이다.

 

T: 주 종양(main tumor)의 크기를 말한다. 주 종양은 보통 primary tumor라고 한다.

N: lymph node가까이에 있는 cancer를 나타낸다.

M: Metastasis를 나타냄. primary tumor부터 인체에 다른 part로의 퍼진 것을 의미한다.

 

**Primary tumor (T)

-TX: Main tumor cannot be measured.

-T0: Main tumor cannot be found.

-T1, T2, T3, T4: Refers to the size and/or extent of the main tumor.

The higher the number after the T, the larger the tumor or the more it has grown into nearby tissues.

T's may be further divided to provide more detail, such as T3a and T3b.

 

**Regional lymph nodes (N)

-NX: Cancer in nearby lymph nodes cannot be measured.

-N0: There is no cancer in nearby lymph nodes.

-N1, N2, N3: Refers to the number and location of lymph nodes that contain cancer.

The higher the number after the N, the more lymph nodes that contain cancer.

 

**Distant metastasis (M)

-MX: Metastasis cannot be measured.

-M0: Cancer has not spread to other parts of the body.

-M1: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

 

 

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Stage를 설명하는 다른 방법

Stage 0: Abnormal cells are present but have not spread to nearby tissue. Also called carcinoma in situ, or CIS. CIS is not cancer, but it may become cancer.

Stage I, Stage II, and Stage III: Cancer is present. The higher the number, the larger the cancer tumor and the more it has spread into nearby tissues.

Stage IV: The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body.